Cynthia+Sullivan


 * Cindy Sullivan**
 * Art 700**
 * November 30, 2010**


 * Japanese concept of “ma”**: refers to intervals of space and time. I have read that it is a difficult term to try and translate into English.

“Ma” has been called “pregnant nothingness”. It is a characteristic found in Japanese music, storytelling, painting, calligraphy, and theatre. I have become fascinated with this concept and its application to the ‘weight of silence or emptiness’ in various art forms (these art forms are addressed in the following links).

In my own studio practice, I am presently exploring abstract art and, influenced by the Art of Japan, am constantly asking myself what should be ‘left out’ or ‘taken out’. Also, my research in general has been of the ‘in-between’ spaces in Life…what is not visible, nameable, knowable, or clearly definable. Being recently introduced to the concept of “ma”, I am finding a whole new avenue for researching how others have sought to express the inexpressible.

http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/Ne.html http://www.mfj-online.org/journalPages/MFJ38/iimura.html http://www.columbia.edu/itc/ealac/V3613/ma/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MA http://ask.metafilter.com/79537/Defining-the-Japanese-Concept-of-Ma http://www.id-sphere.com/2008/08/japanese-boundaries-a-different-way-of-perceiving-space/ http://www.takaiimura.com/work/DVDma.html http://www.voices.no/mainissues/mi40006000217.php https://lists.lsit.ucsb.edu/archives/arthis-undergrad/2009-February/001374.html http://shop.lux.org.uk/index.php/ma-a-japanese-concept.html http://books.google.com/books?id=jy7Y2wTBXUwC&pg=PA43&lpg=PA43&dq=japanese+concept+ma&source=bl&ots=Zqfbtz0ZzG&sig=LbzFHD87qywcXSTXAN3HlymMxAk&hl=en&ei=5YLhTO7LBpL0tgP4yuSICw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBcQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=japanese%20concept%20ma&f=false http://www.maruni.com/nextmaruni/e/concept/concept_3.html http://ijds.lemoyne.edu/journal/3_1/pdf/IJDS.3.1.08.Eells_Stiles.pdf http://www.filmireland.net/exclusives/tsugata.htm http://books.google.com/books?id=I1Po6Med858C&pg=PA67&lpg=PA67&dq=japanese+concept+ma&source=bl&ots=X-mwSo5TKZ&sig=0WeeHHSfWGqBcaJoFilpbEF_EVY&hl=en&ei=5YLhTO7LBpL0tgP4yuSICw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDIQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=japanese%20concept%20ma&f=false http://www.sci.kyoto-u.ac.jp/international/suzuki/courses/Concept-MA.pdf http://www.livingabroad.com/anne_dean/articles/Japan.pdf http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/rodopi/sbta/2008/00000019/00000001/art00005 http://web-app.usc.edu/ws/eo2/calendar/81/event/868727 http://www.shumeiarts.org/takemitsu.htm http://www.shakuhachizen.com/ma.html http://www.eric.ed.gov:80/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ406842&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=EJ406842 http://ja-jp.facebook.com/event.php?eid=54409121172&index=1 http://www.simplyhaiku.com/SHv6n4/features/Garrison.html http://www.simplyhaiku.com/SHv6n4/features/Garrison.html http://www.thingsasian.com/stories-photos/2351 http://books.google.com/books?id=YScahRZzrewC&pg=PA132&lpg=PA132&dq=japanese+ma+concept&source=bl&ots=HKaxcsVTMJ&sig=24m34hoDnMol6-BVAkMhJ976oRY&hl=en&ei=pYXhTJfEMoHAsAPKt-mvCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDwQ6AEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=japanese%20ma%20concept&f=false http://www.idaho-kendo.com/iaido/relationship-of-kiguari-and-maai-to-iaido/ http://new.oberlin.edu/calendar/index.dot?id=2572911 http://books.google.com/books?id=i0ni1NmbYe0C&pg=PA268&lpg=PA268&dq=japanese+ma+concept&source=bl&ots=7mWpDbMdS0&sig=BIivVu3t5RUpmXrOv9_TkQEBFJE&hl=en&ei=pYXhTJfEMoHAsAPKt-mvCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CE4Q6AEwBzgU#v=onepage&q=japanese%20ma%20concept&f=false http://www.amazon.com/dp/4901181211/ref=asc_df_49011812111283648?tag=stylefeeder-20&creative=395261&creativeASIN=4901181211&linkCode=asn http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_architecture http://www.greatfu.com/architecture-design/cin+ma+concept+architecture.html/page/4/ http://www2.hud.ac.uk/mhm/mmt/research/cerenem-journal/MHM-cerenem-journal-issue1/Morishita.pdf http://theseoceans.blogspot.com/2010/03/ma-introduction.html http://www.helpfulgardener.com/japanese/2003/design.html http://ejmas.com/proceedings/GSJSA04klens.html http://www.japansociety.org/perception_of_space http://www.gardenvisit.com/blog/category/public-art/page/2/ http://www.maruni.com/nextmaruni/e/concept/concept_index.html http://www.myspace.com/spectrumcinema http://books.google.com/books?id=1YyjMkRCnmkC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=japanese+ma+concept&source=bl&ots=xDlPYTMMyh&sig=932jSo5Qz_7-Kp3RyrRaxIgQa4U&hl=en&ei=lYvhTNTDKYumsQOogJ2wCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCTgo#v=onepage&q=japanese%20ma%20concept&f=false http://www.experimentalconversations.com/articles/484/takahiko-iimura-in-interview/ http://eu.toto.com/site/TOTO/Templates/History.aspx?pageid=200&cc=GB http://www.heldermann-verlag.de/jgg/jgg01_05/jgg0105.pdf http://www.japanlink.co.jp/ka/seis1.htm http://www.artfilm.org/rec-ryoa.htm http://www.umw.edu/news/?a=1969 http://www.simplyhaiku.com/SHv6n2/reviews/Gilbert.html http://www.ausdance.org.au/resources/publications/dance-dialogues/papers/fusion-of-australian-contemporary-dance-and-mobius-kiryuho.pdf http://www.jfuhrman.com/60_Web/Con_Sp_6.htm http://www.vertigomagazine.co.uk/showarticle.php?sel=bac&siz=1&id=1195 http://asia.haifa.ac.il/staff/isinger.htm http://books.google.com/books?id=ZWpqiYGn4c0C&pg=PA124&lpg=PA124&dq=japanese+ma+concept&source=bl&ots=7_pi6L4BtO&sig=GUrgCUY6n1az7i_THjlAnvA1FS4&hl=en&ei=yY7hTIfvOYK-sAPfvd26Cg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAjhG#v=onepage&q=japanese%20ma%20concept&f=false http://www.anthropology.wisc.edu/Ohnuki-Tierney/files/1994-power-absence.pdf http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/36917/13172655.pdf?sequence=1 http://www.film-makerscoop.com/forsale.htm http://www.stonybrook.edu/sb/wang/events http://www.idemployee.id.tue.nl/g.w.m.rauterberg/conferences/INTERACT2003/INTERACT2003-p997.pdf http://www.kawasaki-m.ac.jp/soc/mw/journal/en/2008-e14-1/01_wright.pdf http://telos.tv/blog/?p=129 http://www.jaroslawkapuscinski.com/pdf/japanese-traditional-orchestral-music.pdf http://www.midnighteye.com/interviews/takahiko_iimura.shtml http://www.swmusic.org/education/2009-5_MU_takemitsu_guide_online.pdf http://pegasus.cc.ucf.edu/~janzb/place/architecture.htm http://www.mustrad.org.uk/articles/japan.htm http://intersections.anu.edu.au/issue14/cho_review.html http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2206/stories/20050325000106500.htm http://www.dinamo-festival.com/programa_cinema_en.html http://www.avantart.com/music/sainkho/sunisout.html http://www.carcanet.co.uk/cgi-bin/scribe?showdoc=449;doctype=review http://www.grand-island-serene-gardens.com/space-in-art.html http://www.geffkenmiyamoto.com/eight-manifestations-japanese-aesthetic-2/ http://clipmarks.com/clipmark/0474C1EF-6C11-4642-AFD8-91C44402905A/ http://pages.infinit.net/musis/matsu_take_eng/esthetique_eng.html http://eprints.gold.ac.uk/1020/ http://books.google.com/books?id=TW7lHYwXhS4C&pg=PA38&lpg=PA38&dq=ma+japanese+aesthetic&source=bl&ots=4ky9SjHPL3&sig=jmVCZo_HD-fge-MW0YqxwCwn_v8&hl=en&ei=V3PlTPyXIIT6swOf67SwCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CB4Q6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=ma%20japanese%20aesthetic&f=false http://books.google.com/books?id=o_wurKkKgFkC&pg=PA59&lpg=PA59&dq=ma+japanese+aesthetic&source=bl&ots=kSOHGp7PwA&sig=BPRG3ILKORFkV-ukp8DQIDSZ2gw&hl=en&ei=V3PlTPyXIIT6swOf67SwCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=ma%20japanese%20aesthetic&f=false http://www.damoclestrio.com/News/ma.html http://books.google.com/books?id=49XxCMk5MesC&pg=PA345&lpg=PA345&dq=ma+japanese+aesthetic&source=bl&ots=54d4R7SrZh&sig=iSY6BUFxp_1HE2YeEoJ9pW585i8&hl=en&ei=V3PlTPyXIIT6swOf67SwCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=ma%20japanese%20aesthetic&f=false http://www.dengary.com/essays/thenewshortlyricpoem.html http://www2.hud.ac.uk/mhm/mmt/research/cerenem-journal/MHM-cerenem-journal-issue1/Morishita.pdf http://countrystudies.us/japan/82.htm http://countrystudies.us/japan/82.htm http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-05112005-113453/ http://www.takaiimura.com/DVD/ma.html http://books.google.com/books?id=C0v7jnNrpxkC&pg=PA140&lpg=PA140&dq=ma+japanese+aesthetic&source=bl&ots=UkN1qzxAlM&sig=4wVWzFFTCNtX_UYR42plxj0qec8&hl=en&ei=3HPlTNazEJSWsgPu7viwCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CD4Q6AEwBzgU#v=onepage&q=ma%20japanese%20aesthetic&f=false http://mokurai.destinyslobster.com/Gardens.html http://www.grand-island-serene-gardens.com/japanese-traditional-art.html http://www.questia.com/library/book/modern-japanese-aesthetics-a-reader-by-michele-marra.jsp http://www.japan-101.com/art/art_architecture_postwwii.htm http://books.google.com/books?id=i0ni1NmbYe0C&pg=PA268&lpg=PA268&dq=ma+japanese+aesthetic&source=bl&ots=7mXgw7KkP8&sig=WR0uJzxVMBbh7BW59X3YPGlWDLA&hl=en&ei=HHjlTPPMAZKusAPzhKixCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CEcQ6AEwCTge#v=onepage&q=ma%20japanese%20aesthetic&f=false http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Japanese_architecture http://books.google.com/books?id=1YyjMkRCnmkC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=ma+japanese+aesthetic&source=bl&ots=xDmGRPJOBa&sig=ulAqMguSbM0ems-egdmGPl0FMVY&hl=en&ei=XHjlTNWcDI2isQPhvvCwCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CD8Q6AEwCDgo#v=onepage&q=ma%20japanese%20aesthetic&f=false http://jsound.seanny.net/ http://www.slideshare.net/praeness/asymmetry-in-japanese-art http://www.jstor.org/pss/40373998 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http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/3560750/Damien-Hirst-and-the-triumph-of-emptiness.html http://www.angusrobertson.com.au/book/grain-of-emptiness-buddhist-inspired-contemporary-art/13484115/ http://www.almostreal.org/2007/11/29/welcoming-emptiness/ http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-122016026.html http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-5503829/Found-beauty-in-emptiness.html http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a924366800~db=all~jumptype=rss http://blogs.women24.com/Liveyourlife/the-principle-of-emptiness http://www.eloiselarson.com/Available%20Works/Make%20a%20hole%20in%20emptiness/slides/Make%20a%20hole%20in%20emptiness6.html http://www.artzinechina.com/display_vol_aid688_en.html http://itunes.apple.com/us/itunes-u/grain-emptiness-buddhism-inspired/id402463120 http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst;jsessionid=FE6E578B25CC3D387F398AD3ABCC8306.inst2_1b?docId=5007036657 http://dart.fine-art.com/artListinginfo.asp?i=159377&nav=dg http://www.montevidayo.com/?p=134 http://deoxy.org/w_world.htm http://www.elfwood.com/~hazred/Emptiness.2788411.html http://www.caareviews.org/reviews/601 http://cunyba.gc.cuny.edu/blog/interdisciplinary-exhibit-at-the-rubin-grain-of-emptiness/ http://www.artnet.com/artist/424029984/li-chen.html http://www.burnaway.org/2010/07/anya-liftig-and-atlanta-poets-experiments-in-emptiness/ http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/handle/10292/483 http://www.theartofcalligraphy.com/formisemptiness.html http://www.rottingtelevision.com/art-grain-of-emptiness-buddhism-inspired-contemporary-art/ http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/16357/ http://www.presentationzen.com/presentationzen/2010/06/ephemerality-vacancy-asymmetry-lessons-from-the-tearoom.html http://www.appliedkungfu.com/tai-chi-kung-fu.html http://www.nyartbeat.com/event/2010/7A01 http://www.americantowns.com/ny/newyork/news/exhibition-grain-of-emptiness-1069534 http://www.tower.com/drops-emptiness-monks-nuns-plum-village-cd/wapi/106445551 http://sites.google.com/site/beautyandterror/Home/american-emptiness http://www.artpractical.com/review/occupy_the_empty/ http://bodhi.sofiatopia.org/emptiness.htm http://www.norikoambe.com/biography/index.html http://www.artlinkart.com/en/exhibition/overview/f87aytor?x=s&a=ongoing&b=01 http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0268/is_1_43/ai_n7069057/ http://vimeo.com/6850233 http://www.bjreview.com.cn/exclusive/txt/2008-12/03/content_167984.htm http://www.padrini.it/zen/art07-sp.html http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/5-19-2004-54337.asp http://fineartamerica.com/art/all/emptiness./all http://lunaparkreview.com/a-poetics-of-emptiness-on-the-poetry-of-five-points-a-journal-of-literature-and-art-vol-11-no-3/ http://www.ustream.tv/recorded/9484642 http://www.rmanyc.org/nav/exhibitions/view/772 http://west-wight-sangha.blogspot.com/2010/11/grain-of-emptiness-buddhism-inspired.html http://museumpublicity.com/2010/11/08/rubin-museum-of-art-presents-grain-of-emptiness/ http://www.yelp.com/events/manhattan-grain-of-emptiness-buddhism-inspired-contemporary-art-on-view-through-april-2011 http://www.facebook.com/video/video.php?v=1094565972794 http://twitter.com/artPRgrrls/status/576643382910976 http://www.holycross.edu/publicaffairs/press_releases/2009-2010/mennekes_contemporary_art_09 http://www.artsopolis.com/event/detail/656/www.carlsjr.com/www.carlsjr.com/ http://books.google.com/books?id=qs013ccb7OIC&pg=PA35&lpg=PA35&dq=emptiness+contemporary+art&source=bl&ots=uj4yPW0xO_&sig=C4CvP0ex5eAOs2DH4lKVHPfGl0A&hl=en&ei=NWD5TNeNOpS8sAP2j-HWAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDoQ6AEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=emptiness%20contemporary%20art&f=false http://www.artlinkart.com/en/exhibition/overview/eedbAxnl?x=s&a=ongoing&b=3 http://events.linkedin.com/Emptiness-Art-Redlight/pub/478575 http://www.asianart.com/eventscalendar/index.php?method=Detail&Id=12059&PHPSESSID=epo79ds97t508f9i52s7cbi9d0&PHPSESSID=epo79ds97t508f9i52s7cbi9d0 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